What type of wiring configuration is common for a thermostat connected to an HVAC system?

A 4 wire control system is commonly used for thermostats connected to HVAC systems, particularly for systems that include both heating and cooling functions. In this configuration, two wires are typically used for powering the thermostat, while the other two wires are designated for the heating and cooling systems. This setup allows for clear communication between the thermostat and the HVAC system, ensuring effective control of temperature in the space.

In contrast, a 2 wire system may only be adequate for simple heating systems but lacks the dual control necessary for both heating and cooling. A 3 wire system might be used in some older or simpler applications, but it may not be sufficient for more complex dual-stage configurations. A 5 wire control system tends to be used in more advanced setups, often including additional features like humidity control or multiple zones, which is not as common in standard residential thermostats. Therefore, the 4 wire control system strikes a balance between complexity and functionality, making it the most prevalent choice for contemporary HVAC applications.